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Xunzi’s “Tianshu” New Explanation – Comparison of the Science and Technology of Wang Yang today
Author: Jay Chou Jun
Source: Authors Authors Authors Authors Release Confucian Network
Original from “Chuanshan Journal” Issue 2, 2017
Time: Confucius was the 2568th year of the year Dingyou and the 6th day of the eighth month of the Dingyou
Baocai Network Jesus September 25, 2017
Content summary:Xunzi regarded the heaven as two parts: one is the invisible heaven as the root and power, that is, the heaven that makes all things (the undeveloped heaven). Regarding this part of the world, Xunzi held a respectful and remote attitude; the other part of the world refers to the invisible heaven (the already developed sky). People can establish order and system in accordance with the laws of heaven on the basis of understanding this type of heaven. This is gift or system. It is precisely this method that people participate in the development of Liuhe and make their own contribution to the perfection of heavenly rituals. Therefore, it is precisely under the conditions of the two heavens that the difference between heaven and man has been realized, that is, the difference between heaven and man is the difference between heaven and man; but in the process of invisible heaven, man has achieved a certain level of unity between man and nature. The distinction between heaven and man and the unity of heaven and man can be unified in Xunzi. However, since Xunzi only focused on the already-developed heaven, that is, the heaven of sacrificing, he regarded sacrificing as a nature. And sensation is often manifested by defects, and the saying of evil nature is born from this. Because he rejected the unfounded heaven, Xunzi could not modify the heaven from the perspective of heaven, and he could only help the people. He used the goodness of the human heart to criticize the evil of the correct nature, but the goodness of the gift has no cosmic roots. The rule of man by Xunzi became a very flexible variable, which could be both a Confucian priesthood and a Legalist specialization. However, through the comparison between Xunzi Tianshu and Yang today’s discussion, and the value and limitations of Xunzi Tianshu, which are reminded of this, we will finally see that Xunzi is still one of the Confucian sacred schools.
Keywords: Xunzi, Tianshu, the distinction between heaven and man, the unity of man and nature
Chinese Graphic Category: B248.2 Text Code: A Article Number:
Media
In the history of Chinese thinking, the most unique person is Xunzi. Because he put forward the theory of the relationship between heaven and man and humanity that is different from the public. It is precisely because of this that Confucian masters have caught him and have to give him some savor. Xunzi’s discussion on the relationship between heaven and man is concentrated. Now in his “Tians”, the academic community’s research on this article can be said to be fruitful. Some scholars believe that this article shows Xunzi’s idea of ”man is determined to enforce heaven” is a serious reversal in the history of Confucianism [1]; some scholars believe that Xunzi has not insisted on holding this view, but he still respects heaven[2]. The author will make a new guide on the relationship between Xunzi and the heavens and man on these two perspectives. In this article, Xunzi made the sky into two parts: one is the invisible sky as the root and power, that is, the sky that makes all things become. Regarding this world, Xunzi held a respectful and remote attitude. Another part of the sky refers to the invisible sky that has been formed. People can establish order and system in accordance with the laws of heaven on the basis of understanding this type of heaven. This is gift or system. It was precisely under the conditions of the two heavens that Xunzi’s unity of the distinction between heaven and man and the unity of heaven and man was formed. Then, through the comparison between Xunzi Tianshu and Yang today’s discussion, we reminded the value and limitations of Xunzi Tianshu.
1. The difference between heaven and man and the two heavens
In the “Tians” chapter that people think is the most exciting, the heavenly concept expressed by Xunzi is relatively gentle, and the way of heaven happens to be the highest way or good body. We also see from Xunzi the unity of heaven and man and the unity of heaven and man. Let’s start with Xunzi’s thinking on the difference between heaven and man. Here we touch on the distinction between heaven and man, the two levels of heaven, the relationship between heaven and human nature, the appearance of heaven and man in human body, the strange phenomena under the distinction between heaven and man, and the criticism of ghosts and gods. Let’s see them one by one.
In the first paragraph, we saw Xunzi’s two main concepts: the distinction between heaven and man and the two heavens. Let’s first look at the perspective of the distinction between heaven and man.
(I) The difference between heaven and man
Xunzi wrote in his article:
The heavens are in constant motion, not for existence, not for the demise of Jie. It is auspicious to treat it with governance, and it is auspicious to treat it with chaos. If you strengthen the foundation and use it, the heaven will not be able to maintain it; if you are nourishing and moving, the heaven will not be able to get sick; if you practice Taoism without pursuing, the heaven will not be able to get rid of it. Therefore, if the water and drought are not enough to prevent it from getting rid of it, if the cold and heat are not enough to prevent it from getting rid of it, if the evil spirits are not enough to prevent it from getting rid of it, if the evil spirits are not enough to prevent it from getting rid of it. If it is wasteful and uses extravagant, the heaven cannot make it rich; if it is easy to keep it easy but it is easy to make it rich; if it is easy to keep it easy to make it prosperous; if it is more likely to make it easy to make it happy; if it is more likely to make it foolishly, the heaven cannot make it lucky. Therefore, the flood and drought are not coming, the cold and heat are not falling, and the sensation is not falling, and the sensation is not coming, and the time is the same as the governance of the world, but the disasters and the governance of the world are different, and the failures are not done to blame the sky. This is the way. Therefore, it is clear that the distinction between heaven and man can be regarded as the most powerful person. It is accomplished without seeking, and it is obtained without seeking. This is what it means to be a heavenly deed. If this is the case, even though it is deep, the person will not be jealous of it.There is no ability to do it; there is no essence, no observation, no such thing as this is not to fight against heaven. Heaven has its time, earth has its money, and man has its governance. This is what we can do. If you give up what you are going to visit, and if you are going to visit, you will be confused. The stars are circling, the sun and the moon shine, the four eras are in power, the sun and the sun are transformed, the wind and rain are spreading, and all things are harmonious and reclaimed and accomplished, and they do not see the matter but see their achievements. This is the god. Everyone knows why it is accomplished, but no one knows that it is invisible. This is the heavenly power. Only the saints do not seek knowledge of heaven. [1]265, 266
There can be two different understandings about the “division between heaven and man”: one is the distinction between heaven and man based on the body of heaven and man. In other words, heaven and man are regarded as existences in a whole, man is also born from heaven, but the behaviors of heaven and man are different. Heaven is natural and clear by God. Everything is accomplished in ignorance and perception. As Xunzi said, “It is accomplished without doing, and it is obtained without seeking”, “it is seen without seeing the cause and the result is achieved without seeing the cause”. This is called “heavenly profession” or “heavenly profession”, and can also be called the way of heaven. As a creature of heaven, people cannot be as good as heaven, and people can only govern according to heaven. If a person walks in the way of heaven and actively manages the universe created by heaven, it will be successful and auspicious. On the contrary, the way of defiance of heaven is the most important thing. But human behavior is different from that of heaven. People must act recklessly and invisibly. This is to be “rule by man”, someone has a job and human nature. The “division between heaven and man” here is more of a “job score” [2]45. From this we can see that this distinction between heaven and man still recognizes the same body as heaven and man, and man must follow the laws of heaven. It’s just that there is a difference between heaven and man in transit and act. Another difference between heaven and man is the true meaning of heaven and man. Even if we insist that people are born from Liuhe, Liuhe is not a rough and primary existence. People can use their spiritual energy to reform and seize Liuhe, so that they can be used by peo
